DARI KEPEMIMPINAN MEKANISTIK KE KEPEMIMPINAN SADAR: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS ATAS PERGESERAN PARADIGMA DALAM MANAJEMEN MODAL MANUSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47686/bbm.v11i2.830Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan memetakan pergeseran paradigma dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia, dari pendekatan mekanistik yang berorientasi pada efisiensi dan kontrol menuju paradigma conscious leadership yang menekankan kesadaran diri, spiritualitas, kebermaknaan, dan keberlanjutan. Dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review berbasis protokol PRISMA, sebanyak 72 artikel ilmiah dari tahun 2000–2024 dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa transformasi ini tidak hanya menyentuh aspek teknis, tetapi bersifat paradigmatik, meliputi dimensi ontologis (hakikat manusia sebagai makhluk sadar), epistemologis (pengetahuan berbasis refleksi dan spiritualitas), dan aksiologis (nilai keberlanjutan dan kesejahteraan kolektif). Kajian ini merumuskan empat tema utama, yakni transformasi kepemimpinan dari kontrol menuju kesadaran, redefinisi human capital sebagai entitas eksistensial, integrasi nilai spiritual dalam organisasi, dan perlunya pendekatan transdisipliner yang menjembatani ilmu manajemen, filsafat, dan psikologi positif. Hasil studi ini berkontribusi dalam penguatan Transdisciplinary Human Capital and Leadership Studies sebagai pendekatan keilmuan baru yang relevan terhadap kompleksitas organisasi kontemporer.
Kata kunci: kepemimpinan sadar, modal manusia, tinjauan literatur sistematis
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